水资源承载力分析研究

水是人们生存必不可少的资源,是生产与生活的基础,但水资源短缺,时间、空间分布不均,利用率低,已成为制约各地经济可持续发展的重要因素之一。本文所选研究区域——昌宁县正处于经济快速发展时期,水资源承载力将会影响其发展,文章综合文献分析和实际调研数据,运用科学的方法进行水资源的承载力分析,结果表明:昌宁县水资源承载力目前与社会经济的发展相适应,但远期将会有所不足,因而要求协调人与自然的矛盾,促进昌宁县的可持续发展。     

Annular‐ring slot antenna designs with circular polarization radiation

The design of a microstrip‐fed annular‐ring slot antenna (ARSA) with circular polarization (CP) radiation is initially studied. To obtain CP radiation with broad 3‐dB axial ratio (AR) bandwidth that can cover the WiMAX 2.3 GHz (2305–2320 MHz, 2345–2360 MHz) and WLAN 2.4 GHz (2400–2480 MHz) bands, a novel technique of extending an inverted L‐shaped slot from the bottom section of the annular‐ring is proposed. To suppress the harmonic modes induced by the CP ARSA, the technique of integrating a defected ground structure into the annular‐ring slot is further introduced. From the measured results, 10‐dB impedance bandwidth and 3‐dB AR bandwidth of 44.86 and 9.68% were achieved by the proposed harmonic suppressed CP ARSA. Furthermore, average gain and radiation efficiency of ～4.7 dBic and 71%, respectively, were also exhibited across the bands of interest. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE 25:337–345, 2015.     

Novel hydrophilic N-halamine polymer with enhanced antibacterial activity synthesized by inverse emulsion polymerization

N-halamine-based antibacterial agents have high efficiency and rechargeable antibacterial properties. However, their applications are limited due to their complex synthetic process and fuzzy antibacterial mechanism. In this study, a novel N-halamine antibacterial polymer was synthesized by inverse emulsion polymerization and characterized by Fourier transform infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Due to the difficulty of purification, most of the subjects studied previously were hydrophobic polymers, while little research on hydrophilic polymers. In this experiment, this difficulty was overcome by controlling the dosage of sodium hypochlorite and methods of dialysis. Because of the complex cell structure of Gram-negative bacteria, it is difficult for N-halamines to release the oxidizing chlorine into the cell. However, the hydrophilic N-halamines can solve this problem, which showed a stronger antibacterial effect on Gram-negative Escherichia coli synthesized in this study. In addition, the particle size and hydrophilic property of the polymer were changed by changing the amount of initiator, and the differences in their antibacterial properties were studied. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 47419.     

Core–shell NTC materials with low thermal constant and high resistivity for wide-temperature thermistor ceramics

Core–shell structures have been proposed to improve the electrical properties of negative-temperature coefficient (NTC) thermistor ceramics. In this work, Al₂O₃-modified Co_1.5Mn_1.2Ni_0.3O₄ NTC thermistor ceramics with adjustable electrical properties were prepared through citrate-chelation followed by conventional sintering. Co_1.5Mn_1.2Ni_0.3O₄ powder was coated with a thin Al₂O₃ shell layer to form a core–shell structure. Resistivity (ρ) increased rapidly with increasing thickness of the Al₂O₃ layer, and the thermal constant (B) varied moderately between 3706 and 3846 K. In particular, Co_1.5Mn_1.2Ni_0.3O₄@Al₂O₃ ceramic with 0.08 wt% Al₂O₃ showed the increase of ρ double, and the change in its B was less than 140 K. The Co_1.5Mn_1.2Ni_0.3O₄@Al₂O₃ NTC ceramics showed high stability, and their grain size was relatively uniform due to the protection offered by the shell. The aging coefficient of the ceramic was less than 0.2% after aging for 500 hours at 125°C. Taken together, the results indicate that as-prepared Co_1.5Mn_1.2Ni_0.3O₄@Al₂O₃ NTC ceramics with a core–shell structure may be promising candidates for application as wide-temperature NTC thermistor ceramics.     

中高碳铝镇静钢形成MnS塑性夹杂的工艺开发与实践

 为提高中高碳钢产品的抗疲劳性能,利用中高碳钢的成分特点,研究开发了中高碳铝镇静钢中MnS以Al₂O₃为形核质点的非均质形核工艺,将钢中Al₂O₃脆性夹杂用塑性MnS包裹,解决了疲劳应力钢因脆性非金属夹杂引起的疲劳断裂问题。通过对微细、弥散Al₂O₃夹杂生成条件、MnS非均质形核析出热力学条件的研究,开展了钢中关键元素的成分设计、精炼及连铸集成工艺的设计与开发。工业实践表明,低活度氧条件下进行铝终脱氧可以形成3～5 μm微细弥散的Al₂O₃夹杂,并作为非均质形核的核心在二次枝晶晶间的凝固末端析出弥散、细小的粒状MnS;通过梯度脱氧、真空碳脱氧以及保护浇铸等操作可以有效稳定控制钢中全氧含量,提高钢水洁净度,成品T[O]质量分数平均为0.000 618%,较原工艺的0.000 739%降低了16%;成品的夹杂物中MnS及MnS包裹Al₂O₃夹杂所占比例大于96%,与世界领先产品的夹杂物控制水平相当,考虑到产品使用过程中Al₂O₃夹杂外部的MnS包裹层必须足够厚,塑性夹杂才能起作用,建立了MnS “有效包裹率” 的概念,当硬相夹杂物被MnS包裹且硬相夹杂物的最大半径不大于MnS包裹部位半径的1/2时,认为MnS对硬相夹杂物实现了“有效包裹”;MnS塑性夹杂工艺可明显提高材料的疲劳性能,成品的平均断裂韧性为83.47 MPa·m1/2,较原工艺的67.31 MPa·m1/2提高了24%。     

交互式多模型的锂电池荷电状态估计

针对锂电池工作在温度不恒定的环境中时单个模型无法捕捉电池参数动态变化,导致电池模型误差增大,荷电状态估计精度下降的问题,提出使用交互式多模型平方根无迹卡尔曼滤波算法来估计电池荷电状态.以戴维宁电池模型为基础建立了一组电池温度子模型,并实现参数辨识;在平方根无迹卡尔曼滤波的基础上,利用交互式多模型方法估计电池荷电状态,通过实时调整模型概率来实现各个模型间的软切换.实验结果表明,交互式多模型方法融合了不同温度下的电池信息,增强了荷电状态估计的精度和鲁棒性.     

Blockchain in global supply chains and cross border trade: a critical synthesis of the state-of-the-art,challenges and opportunities

Blockchain possesses the potential of transforming global supply chain management. Gartner predicts that blockchain could be able to track $2?T of goods and services in their movement across the globe by 2023, and blockchain will be a more than $3 trillion business by 2030. Nowadays, a growing number of blockchain initiatives are disrupting traditional business models in each sector. In this paper, we provide a timely and holistic overview of the state-of-the-art, challenges, gaps and opportunities in global supply chain and trade operations for both the private sector and governmental agencies, by synthesising a wide range of resources from business leaders, global international organisations, leading supply chain consulting firms, research articles, trade magazines and conferences. We then identify collaborative schema and future research directions for industry, government, and academia to jointly work together in ensuring that the full potential of blockchain is unleashed amidst the socioeconomic, geopolitical and technological disruptions that global supply chains and trade are facing.     

Vertically aligned reduced graphene oxide/Ti3C2Tx MXene hybrid hydrogel for highly efficient solar steam generation

Effective utilization of abundant solar energy for desalination of seawater and purification of wastewater is one of sustainable techniques for production of clean water, helping relieve global water resource shortage. Herein, we fabricate a vertically aligned reduced graphene oxide/Ti₃C₂T_x MXene (A-RGO/MX) hybrid hydrogel with aligned channels as an independent solar steam generation device for highly efficient solar steam generation. The vertically aligned channels, generated by a liquid nitrogen-assisted directional-freezing process, not only rapidly transport water upward to the evaporation surface for efficient solar steam generation, but also facilitate multiple reflections of solar light inside the channels for efficient solar light absorption. The deliberate slight reduction endows the RGO with plenty of polar groups, decreasing the water vaporization enthalpy effectively and hence accelerating water evaporation efficiently. The MXene sheets, infiltrated inside the A-RGO hydrogel on the basis of Marangoni effect, enhance light absorption capacity and photothermal conversion performance. As a result, the A-RGO/MX hybrid hydrogel achieves a water evaporation rate of 2.09 kg·m⁻²·h⁻¹ with a high conversion efficiency of 93.5% under 1-sun irradiation. Additionally, this photothermal conversion hydrogel rapidly desalinates seawater and purifies wastewater to generate clean water with outstanding ion rejection rates of above 99% for most ions.